By Matt Hadro
Washington D.C., Mar 12, 2020 / 14:00 pm
Political, ethnic and religious prisoners are being used as forced labor in China, making goods that end up in U.S. supply chains, a new report from the U.S. China Commission has found.
As many as 1.8 million Uyghurs, ethnic Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, and other Muslim minorities are or have been detained in China's Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR), a situation which groups like the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum are now calling a "crime against humanity."
Victims or families of victims of the camps have reported numerous abuses in the camps, including political indoctrination, starvation, torture, beatings, and forced sterilizations.
The new report from the Congressional-Executive Commission on China (CECC), released on March 11, alleges that current and former detainees in the region have been forced to work in factories and in the agriculture industry, and that goods made with this labor are in the supply chains of major U.S. companies.
"Satellite imagery, personal testimonies, and official documents indicate that the XUAR
authorities are systematically forcing predominantly Muslim ethnic minorities, including Uyghurs, Kazakhs, and others, to engage in forced labor in the XUAR," the report states.
Members of Congress on Wednesday condemned the abuses and introduced legislation to hold U.S. companies accountable for their supply chains.
"It's injected forced labor into American and global supply chains. It's injected forced labor under the Christmas tree. It's injected forced labor in the boxes we give over for birthdays. And it's injected forced labor in many of the things that we buy on a daily basis," Sen. Marco Rubio (R-Fla.), co-chair of the China Commission, said upon release of the report on Wednesday.
"And this is a disturbing reality, and it's one that we need to confront and we need to face."
The new bill, the Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act, sets up accountability mechanisms to ensure U.S. supply chains are free of forced labor.
It grants sanctions authority for those complicit in forced labor in Xinjiang, requires SEC disclosures for companies engaged with certain entities in Xinjiang, and mandates that the Secretary of State to determine whether "atrocities" are taking place there.
The bill also includes a provision creating a "rebuttable presumption"-meaning that any imported goods sourced from Xinjiang will be presumed to have been created with forced labor. Companies wishing to import these goods must present "clear and convincing" evidence otherwise to U.S. Customs.
Rep. Chris Smith (R-N.J.), a commissioner and former chair of the China Commission, noted that as early as 1991, it was known that imprisoned democracy activists from Tiananmen Square were forced to make shoes in a Beijing prison. Despite evidence that prisoners in Chinese camps were forced to make goods exported elsewhere, Smith said that a subsequent "memorandum of understanding" of the U.S. against importation of such goods "wasn't worth the paper it was written on."
"This is a horrific tragedy," he said of the ongoing treatment of Muslim Uyghurs.
The bill's rebuttable presumption is key, he said, in that "the presumption of innocence shifts" to companies to prove that "their supply chain is clear and clean of this kind of horrific behavior."
"It's hard for anybody in America to believe that there's forced labor camps. People being forced to work with no pay," Rep. Tom Suozzi (D-N.Y.), a commissioner, stated on Wednesday.
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"The only thing that the Chinese government will recognize is if we prevent them from continuing to export these goods, using forced labor, into our marketplace," he said.
Some of these forced labor cases in the report occur within the internment camps, while others involve detainees being sent to factories upon their release from the camps. In still other cases, minorities are forced into labor without even being sent to the camps.
All this labor is done under the guise of "job training" or "poverty alleviation," as the Chinese government claims.
Good commonly made with forced labor include textiles such as clothing, bedding, and carpet, shoes, tea, electronics, and food products such as noodles and cakes.
Companies suspected of directly employing forced labor, or sourcing from suppliers suspected of using forced labor, include Adidas, Calvin Klein, Coca-Cola, Costco, H&M, Kraft Heinz, Nike, Patagonia, and Tommy Hilfiger.
The company Badger Sportswear announced in January of 2019 that it was ending its partnership with Hetian Taida Apparel because of its suspected ties to forced labor of detainees in Xinjiang.
Audits of which factories in the region are using forced labor will prove difficult, the report said, due to residents and detainees who may be afraid to speak out about poor conditions. Companies should instead assume that any goods sourced to the region are made with forced labor.
On March 5, an AP investigation reported that "mostly Muslim ethnic Uighurs" detained in camps were afterwards forced in work in a heavily-guarded factory within the supply chains of U.S. tech companies.
A document leaked in February from a local government authority in Xinjiang listed the names of around 3,000 Uyghurs under surveillance, with 484 being detained. Many of those were imprisoned for religious reasons or for family the religious or political behavior of family members.
