The Democratic Party had a “boss” nomination system. In other words, state and local officials chose the party’s presidential nominee.
These bosses controlled the selection of delegates (the delegates at the convention choose the nominee of each party). The boss nomination process was undemocratic as a procedure, that was true, voters could not choose the nominee.
In 1968 anti-war protestors and young people had been marginalized and in a few cases excluded. So at the 1968 convention in Chicago, the party chose another reform commission to change the way the party selected their nominee. Basically they were going to go to a democratic system where voters picked the nominee instead of bosses.
What happened was in 1969 a small band of anti-war activists decided that they wanted to get an anti-war nominee in 1972. They did two things: one, they gave quotas for females, young people and blacks as delegates…. The main motive for giving a quota for women was that they knew they were more likely to oppose the war. It was undemocratic procedurally…. Secondly, the caucuses require several hours of meetings and it’s hard for working class folks to get to the caucuses.
The quotas were the main thing; the quotas brought the feminists into the party. The feminists had their own agenda with abortion.
Q: So was this some sort of power grab by activists?
More than a power grab: it was a coup or a hijacking. The mandate of the McGovern Commission was to democratize the party’s nomination system and these secular liberals made the nomination system activist.
Q: What has the long term effect of this been for the Democratic Party?
There are a bunch of consequences from it, but one major consequence is that feminists entered the Democratic coalition and dominated the platform. Over a span of 12 years—in 1968 they had no presence—in 1980 the party platform calls for abortion on demand and federal funding of abortion; by 1980 that drove away a lot of Catholics.
I have notes from Catholic officials complaining and lamenting how the party has been revolutionized in so short a time.
So the McGovern Commission is this unrecognized revolutionary body, as important I think as Johnson signing the civil rights amendment. It was transformational of American politics.
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Q: What would you say has caused those Catholics who used to be a part of the Democratic Party to leave?
The main reason is a shift in Catholic leadership. There’s no question that Catholic men have switched themselves to the Republican Party. That’s realignment. And Catholic women have de-aligned from the Democratic Party.
In 1968 three fifths of Catholics gave their vote to Hubert Humphrey, the Democratic nominee and nowadays a typical Democrat gets 45-47% and that’s a quarter of the population, that’s a lot of votes. They’re also strategically located in big states—Florida, Ohio, Pennsylvania.
Q: What surprises did you come across in your research?
From 1948-1968 if you check the names of [the] DNC chairman, almost all of them are Catholic. There was total domination.
The second thing was that the press totally missed the story. One group of people just hijacked the world’s oldest political party and no one’s written about it.